hrsg for fluidized gasification

ABSTRACT

A HRSG for fluidized bed gasification comprises a high temperature evaporator ( 200 ), a superheater ( 300 ), a low temperature evaporator ( 400 ), and an economizer ( 500 ) in series. The superheater ( 300 ), the low temperature evaporator ( 400 ) and the economizer ( 500 ) have water-tube structure, and the high temperature evaporator ( 200 ) has fire-tube structure.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (hereafter “HRSG”), in particular, relates to a HRSG for fluidized bed gasification.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The HRSG is a heat exchanger to produce steam utilizing waste heat as heat source during production, and it is not only used for cooling, but also for providing waste heat to produce steam. The HRSG can be divided into shell-and-tube type and gas-pass type according to its structure to allow high temperature gas to flow inside or outside the tube. In a fire-tube HRSG, also called shell-and-tube HRSG, flue gas flows inside a heat tube and water flows in a shell outside the heat tube. Heat is transferred to water outside the heat tube through tube wall of the heat tube. Generally, the shell-and-tube HRSG does not comprise a superheat section and an economizer section due to only evaporation involved. A shell-and-tube HRSG with big size comprises a steam drum, a downcomer and a riser; a shell-and-tube HRSG with small size uses the space in the upper portion of the boiler shell to separate steam and water. In fact, the shell-and-tube HRSG is similar to the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in terms of structure and also includes fixed tube sheet type, floating head type, U-shaped tube type etc. In a water-tube HRSG, also called as gas-pass HRSG, water or steam flows inside a heat tube and flue gas flows in a gas pass outside the heat tube. The flue gas transfers heat to water or steam in the heat tube by scouring the outer surface of the heat tube. Generally, the gas-pass HRSG comprises a superheat section, an evaporation section, an economizer section, a steam drum, a downcomer, and a riser.

Raw syngas cooling is a commonly used process in the fluidized bed coal gasification. The temperature of the raw syngas produced from coal gasifier ranges from 850° C. to 1000° C. and the raw syngas must go through dust removal and cooling processes before desulfurizing and decarburizing processes in the next stage in order to obtain qualified clean syngas. In the prior art, the HRSG for fluidized bed gasification comprises a high temperature evaporator, a superheater, a low temperature evaporator, and an economizer, wherein the high temperature evaporator, the superheater, the low temperature evaporator, and the economizer have the structure of fire-tube boiler. A heat-tube HRSG with such fire-tube boiler structure is disclosed in a Chinese utility model application with publication No. CN2426069.

However, due to the high contents of coal ashes and semi-cokes in the syngas produced from the fluidized bed coal gasification, these coal ashes and semi-cokes scour the fire-tube boiler inlet of the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer, which will result in abrasion thereon, pipe leakage and shutdown finally.

Further, because the existing high temperature evaporator is a straight fire-tube boiler, gas and part of steam produced by desalted water float from the top of the fire tube of the high temperature evaporator, which will result in local overheating and overburning of the tube sheet and the partial fire tube.

In the prior art, the separated high temperature evaporator, superheater, low temperature evaporator, and economizer will occupy large space, and it is also difficult and troublesome to repair them and keep them in good condition.

In the prior art, the economizer is made of carbon steel, which will result in dew corrosion on the outer surface of the steel pipe because the temperature in the economizer is not high enough.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a HRSG for fluidized bed gasification, which can reduce abrasion on metal portion of the fire-tube boiler of the superheater, the low temperature evaporator, and the economizer caused by ashes in the syngas during the fluidized bed gasification process.

The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a HRSG for fluidized bed gasification, which can avoid local overheating and overburning of the tube sheet and the partial fire tube of the high temperature evaporator due to gas and part of steam produced by desalted water floating from the top of the fire tube of the high temperature evaporator.

The third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a HRSG for fluidized bed gasification, which can save spaces occupied by the separated high temperature evaporator, superheater, low temperature evaporator, and economizer and avoid complicated and troublesome repairs and maintenances.

The fourth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a HRSG for fluidized bed gasification, which can avoid dew corrosion on the outer surface of the steel pipe of the economizer.

In order to resolve the above technical problems, the present invention provides following technical solutions:

A HRSG for fluidized bed gasification comprises a high temperature evaporator, a superheater, a low temperature evaporator and an economizer connected in series, wherein the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer have water-tube structure, and the high temperature evaporator has fire-tube structure. First, the raw syngas produced from the fluidized bed gasifier flows through the fire tube of the high temperature evaporator to heat water, steam or mixture thereof outside the fire tube. Then, the flue gas flows through the shell sides of the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer in turn to heat water, steam or the mixture thereof in the tube sides of the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer. The raw syngas goes through cooling and dust removal processes to produce clean syngas and then goes through refining processes in the next stage, such as desulfurizing and decarburizing processes. In the present invention, the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer have water-tube structure, and the raw syngas is controlled at a relatively low speed, e.g. 2 m/s-8 m/s, by which the semi-cokes in the raw syngas will cause little abrasion on the metal portion of the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer so that the first technical problem of the abrasion on the metal portion of the fire-tube boiler of the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer caused by the semi-cokes in the raw syngas is solved.

The present invention also solves the technical problem of quick abrasion on the fire-tube boiler of the high temperature evaporator by controlling the raw syngas through the fire-tube inlet of the high temperature evaporator at a speed of e.g. 15 m/s-30 m/s. In the existing high temperature evaporator, the support element to support the fire-tube bundle lacks thermal strength and metal material of the support element has the possibilities of carburization and pulverization in the carbon monoxide and hydrogen reduction atmosphere. Therefore, the fire-tube bundle of the high temperature evaporator according to the present invention is connected with the shell of the high temperature evaporator through upper and lower tube sheets so that the fire-tube bundle can be supported in the shell of the high temperature evaporator without using the support element for high temperature to support fire-tube bundle in the shell of the high temperature evaporator.

During the operation, the fire tube and the shell of the high temperature evaporator have different swell increments due to big pressure difference between upper and lower sides of the high temperature evaporator (e.g. >1.0 Mpa), high temperature of the fire-tube wall of the high temperature evaporator (probably 200-400° C.) and low temperature of the shell of the high temperature evaporator. The flat tube sheet in the prior art is deformed to solve the technical problem of different swell increments between the fire tube and the shell of the high temperature evaporator. However, such tube sheet cannot be used under the condition of big pressure difference between upper and lower sides because the tube sheet will be broken easily. According to the present invention, the upper and lower tube sheets are in the shape of butterfly, which utilize flexibility of the butterfly shape to solve the technical problem of different swell increment between the fire tube and the shell of the high temperature evaporator and can work under the condition of big pressure difference between upper and lower sides.

Another improvement achieved by the present invention is to use an inclined fire-tube boiler instead of the conventional straight fire-tube boiler to effectively avoid the problem of local overheating and overburning of the tube sheet in the fire tube and partial fire tube due to gas and part of steam produced by desalted water floating from the top of the fire tube in the straight fire-tube boiler.

Another improvement achieved by the present invention is to place the high temperature evaporator, the superheater, the low temperature evaporator, and the economizer in the same steel container to form a combined structure of the HRSG for fluidized bed gasification, which is compact to facilitate the management thereof.

The superheater, the low temperature evaporator, and the economizer are arranged coaxially and spaced with each other, and the high temperature evaporator is inclined, the first axis of fire-tube bundle of which forms an angle with the second axis of the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer, the angle is 5-10 degrees.

The high temperature evaporator, the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer are divided into four sections and connected with each other through flanges so that the high temperature evaporator, the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer can be easily drawn out like a drawer when the HRSG for fluidized bed gasification needs repair.

The high temperature evaporator is arranged on the top, the superheater is located below the high temperature evaporator, the low temperature evaporator is located below the superheater and the economizer is located below the low temperature evaporator.

According to the present invention, each of the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer comprises a shell and a horizontal coil tube installed in the shell through a bracket. One or two sides along the axis of the horizontal coil tube have operation space for workers to install, clean ashes and disassemble etc.

According to the present invention, the shell and horizontal coil tube of the economizer are made of alloy steel to avoid dew corrosion on the outer surface of the steel pipe.

The present invention utilizes and combines the two ways of heat transmission and methods of steam production by which water is heated outside the tube (flue gas transfers heat inside the tube) and inside the tube (flue gas transfers heat outside the tube) to solve two technical problems of sufficient heat recovery and reduction of abrasion on the tube and internal structure at the same time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments according to the present invention will be further described in conjunction with accompanying figures as follows.

FIG. 1 shows the structure of the HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows the connection of the high temperature evaporator and the upper inlet of the HRSG according to the present invention, wherein:

-   -   100—a HRSG upper inlet, 200—a high temperature evaporator, 300—a         superheater, 400—a low temperature evaporator, 500—an         economizer, and 600—a HRSG lower outlet.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

An embodiment according to the present invention is provided in conjunction with accompanying figures.

As shown in FIG. 1, a HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to the present invention comprises six sections, i.e. a HRSG upper inlet 100, a high temperature evaporator 200, a superheater 300, a low temperature evaporator 400, an economizer 500 and a HRSG lower outlet 600, which form a combined structure. Specifically, the HRSG upper inlet 100 is located on the top of the HRSG for fluidized bed gasification, the high temperature evaporator 200 is arranged below the HRSG upper inlet 100, the superheater 300 is located below the high temperature evaporator 200, the low temperature evaporator 400 is located below the superheater 300, the economizer 500 is located below the low temperature evaporator 400, the HRSG lower outlet 600 is located at the bottom of the HRSG for fluidized bed gasification. The superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400, and the economizer 500 have water-tube structure and the high temperature evaporator has fire-tube structure. The raw syngas produced from the fluidized bed coal gasifier flows through a fire-tube bundle 220 of the high temperature evaporator 200 from the HRSG upper inlet 100 to heat water, steam or mixture thereof outside the fire-tube bundle 220. Then, the raw syngas enters the shell sides of the superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400, and the economizer 500 in turn to heat water, steam or the mixture thereof in the tube sides of the superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400 and the economizer 500. The raw syngas goes through cooling and dust removal processes to produce clean syngas and then enters the HRSG lower outlet 600 to go through refining processes in the next stage, such as desulfurizing and decarburizing processes. The superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400 and the economizer 500 have water-tube structure, and the raw syngas is controlled at a relatively low speed, e.g. 2 m/s-8 m/s, by which the semi-cokes in the raw syngas will cause little abrasion on the metal portion of the superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400 and the economizer 500 so that the technical problem of the abrasion on the metal portion of the fire-tube boiler of the superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400 and the economizer 500 caused by the semi-cokes in the raw syngas is solved.

The present invention also controls the raw syngas through the inlet of the fire-tube bundle 220 of the high temperature evaporator 200 at a speed of e.g. 15 m/s-30 m/s to solve the technical problem of quick abrasion on the fire-tube bundle 220 of the high temperature evaporator 200. Those skilled in the art can control the inlet speed of the raw syngas by prior art, e.g. valve, device for gas speed adjustment etc. As shown in FIG. 2, the fire-tube bundle 220 in the high temperature evaporator 200 is connected with the shell 210 of the high temperature evaporator 200 through upper and lower tube sheets 230 without using any support element for high temperature to support fire-tube bundle 220. The upper and lower tube sheets 230 are in the shape of butterfly and the flexibility of the tube sheets 230 can solve the technical problem of different swell increments between the fire-tube bundle 220 and the shell 210 of the temperature evaporator 200.

The superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400, and the economizer 500 are arranged coaxially and spaced with each other, and the high temperature evaporator 200 is inclined, the first axis 700 of fire-tube bundle 220 of which forms 5-10 degrees angle with the second axis 800 of the superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400, and the economizer 500 to avoid the problem of local overheating and overburning of the tube sheet in the fire tube and partial fire tube due to gas and part of steam produced by desalted water floating from the top of the fire tube in the straight fire-tube boiler.

The superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400 and the economizer 500 comprise shells 310, 410, 510 and horizontal coil tubes 320, 420, 520 respectively installed in the shells 310, 410, 510 through brackets 330, 430, 530. One or two sides along the axis of the horizontal coil tubes 320, 420, 520 have operation spaces (not shown in the figures) for workers to install, clean ashes and disassemble etc.

As shown in FIG. 1, the shell 110 of the HRSG upper inlet 100, the shell 210 of the high temperature evaporator 200, the shell 310 of the superheater 300, the shell 410 of the low temperature evaporator 400, the shell 510 of the economizer 500 and the shell 610 of the HRSG lower outlet 600 can be made into one steel container. The fire-tube bundle 220 of the high temperature evaporator 200, the horizontal coil tube 320 of the superheater 300, the horizontal coil tube 420 of the low temperature evaporator 400, and the horizontal coil tube 520 of the economizer 500 are installed in such steel container, which is compact to facilitate the management thereof.

The HRSG upper inlet 100, the high temperature evaporator 200, the superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400, the economizer 500 and the HRSG lower outlet 600 are divided into six sections and connected with each other through flanges so that the high temperature evaporator 200, the superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400 and the economizer 500 can be separately drawn out like a drawer when the HRSG for fluidized bed gasification needs repair.

According to the present invention, the shell 510 and horizontal coil tube 520 of the economizer 500 are made of alloy steel to avoid dew corrosion on the outer surface of the steel pipe caused by clean water with room temperature.

In this embodiment, water in the tubes of the superheater 300, the low temperature evaporator 400 and the economizer 500 with water-tube structure is heated by exchanging heat with flue gas outside the tubes, and enters a steam drum by the pressure difference between water (from a boiler feed water pump) and the steam drum (not shown in the figures); the steam drum is connected with the high temperature evaporator 200 with fire-tube structure through a riser and a downcomer, and steam-liquid mixture of water circulate between the steam drum and the high temperature evaporator 200 to produce saturated steam.

The 1000° C. raw syngas produced from fluidized bed gasification process enters the HRSG of the present invention through the HRSG upper inlet 100 and flows through the fire-tube bundle 220 of the high temperature evaporator 200 to heat hot water outside the fire-tube bundle 220 from the steam drum. Then, the flue gas after preliminary cooling (about 800° C.) enters the shell sides of the superheater 300 (about 600° C. at the outlet), the low temperature evaporator 400 (about 400° C. at the outlet) and the economizer 500 (about 220° C. at the outlet) in turn to heat water, steam or the mixture thereof in the tube sides. The raw syngas goes through the cooling and dust removal processes to produce clean syngas and then goes through refining processes in the next stage, such as desulfurizing and decarburizing processes.

The HRSG according to the present invention can be used in pressurized fluidized bed boiler and the coal gasifier. In particular, the HRSG according to the present invention can be used under the industrial conditions of high temperature (1100° C.), heavy ashes (coal ashes and semi-cokes with high concentration of several hundreds g/m³) and high pressure (3.0 Mpa) to produce water gas with high humidity (37%). 

1. A HRSG for fluidized bed gasification comprises a high temperature evaporator, a superheater, a low temperature evaporator and an economizer connected in series, wherein the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer utilize water-tube structure and the high temperature evaporator utilizes fire-tube structure.
 2. The HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to claim 1, wherein fire-tube bundle of the high temperature evaporator is connected with shell of the high temperature evaporator through upper and lower tube sheets.
 3. The HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to claim 2, wherein the upper and lower tube sheets are in the shape of butterfly.
 4. The HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature evaporator is inclined.
 5. The HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to claim 4, wherein the high temperature evaporator, the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer are placed in a steel container to form a combined structure of the HRSG for fluidized bed gasification.
 6. The HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to claim 5, wherein the superheater, the low temperature evaporator, and the economizer are arranged coaxially and spaced with each other, and the first axis of the fire-tube bundle of the high temperature evaporator forms 5-10 degrees angle with the second axis of the superheater, the low temperature evaporator, and the economizer.
 7. The HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to claim 4, wherein the high temperature evaporator, the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer are divided into four sections and connected with each other through welding or flanges.
 8. The HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to claim 4, wherein each of the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer comprises a shell and a horizontal coil tube installed in the shell through a bracket, one or two sides along the axis of the horizontal coil tube have operation space.
 9. The HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to claim 1, wherein the shell and the horizontal coil tube of the economizer are made of alloy steel.
 10. The HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to claim 1, wherein the raw syngas flows through the superheater, the low temperature evaporator and the economizer at a speed of 2 m/s-8 m/s.
 11. The HRSG for fluidized bed gasification according to claim 1, wherein the raw syngas flows through the inlet of the fire-tube bundle of the high temperature evaporator at a speed of 15 m/s-30 m/s. 